An updated assessment (2022-2026) on the expansion of 26 Organized Armed Groups across southern Venezuela, detailing the consolidation of a hybrid criminal governance model driven by illicit mining, institutional corruption, and human rights abuses.
Hybrid State: Organized Armed Groups (OAGs) and the Control of Venezuelan Mining Regions - 2026
An updated assessment (2022-2026) on the expansion of 26 Organized Armed Groups across southern Venezuela, detailing the consolidation of a hybrid criminal governance model driven by illicit mining, institutional corruption, and human rights abuses. [Read the full report here]
